Chado is considered to include almost all aspects of Japanese culture. For example, Chado includes flower arrangement, ceramic, calligraphy, and so on; moreover, it includes not only abstract aspect of culture but also non-abstract ones. According to Hisamatsu Shinichi, Chado is an incarnation of Buddhism. It could be true; however, it is not all. Since Japanese has been also influenced by Taoism, Confucianism, etc, Chado has been influenced by not only Buddhism but also others. Furthermore, someone says that Christianity has affected Chado, too.